數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)語(yǔ)法從基礎(chǔ)到精通

第 6 頁(yè) SQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程

USE tablename -- 要操作的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)名
SELECT @LogicalFileName = 'tablename_log', -- 日志文件名
@MaxMinutes = 10, -- Limit on time allowed to wrap log.
@NewSize = 1 -- 你想設(shè)定的日志文件的大小(M)

-- Setup / initialize
DECLARE @OriginalSize int
SELECT @OriginalSize = size
FROM sysfiles
WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
SELECT 'Original Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),@OriginalSize) + ' 8K pages or ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(@OriginalSize*8/1024)) + 'MB'
FROM sysfiles
WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
CREATE TABLE DummyTrans
(DummyColumn char (8000) not null)

DECLARE @Counter INT,
@StartTime DATETIME,
@TruncLog VARCHAR(255)
SELECT @StartTime = GETDATE(),
@TruncLog = 'BACKUP LOG ' + db_name() + ' WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY'

DBCC SHRINKFILE (@LogicalFileName, @NewSize)
EXEC (@TruncLog)
-- Wrap the log if necessary.
WHILE @MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE()) -- time has not expired
AND @OriginalSize = (SELECT size FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @LogicalFileName)
AND (@OriginalSize * 8 /1024) > @NewSize
BEGIN -- Outer loop.
SELECT @Counter = 0
WHILE ((@Counter < @OriginalSize / 16) AND (@Counter < 50000))
BEGIN -- update
INSERT DummyTrans VALUES ('Fill Log')
DELETE DummyTrans
SELECT @Counter = @Counter + 1
END
EXEC (@TruncLog)
END
SELECT 'Final Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),size) + ' 8K pages or ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024)) + 'MB'
FROM sysfiles
WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
DROP TABLE DummyTrans
SET NOCOUNT OFF

8、說(shuō)明：更改某個(gè)表
exec sp_changeobjectowner 'tablename','dbo'

9、存儲(chǔ)更改全部表

CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.User_ChangeObjectOwnerBatch
@OldOwner as NVARCHAR(128),
@NewOwner as NVARCHAR(128)
AS

DECLARE @Name as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @Owner as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @OwnerName as NVARCHAR(128)

DECLARE curObject CURSOR FOR
select 'Name' = name,
'Owner' = user_name(uid)
from sysobjects
where user_name(uid)=@OldOwner
order by name

OPEN curObject
FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)
BEGIN
if @Owner=@OldOwner
begin
set @OwnerName = @OldOwner + '.' + rtrim(@Name)
exec sp_changeobjectowner @OwnerName, @NewOwner
end
-- select @name,@NewOwner,@OldOwner

FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
END

close curObject
deallocate curObject
GO

10、SQL SERVER中直接循環(huán)寫入數(shù)據(jù)
declare @i int
set @i=1
while @i<30
begin
insert into test (userid) values(@i)
set @i=@i+1
end

小記存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程中經(jīng)常用到的本周，本月，本年函數(shù)
Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1)
Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)

Dateadd(mm,datediff(mm,0,getdate()),0)
Dateadd(ms,-3,dateadd(mm,datediff(m,0,getdate())+1,0))

Dateadd(yy,datediff(yy,0,getdate()),0)
Dateadd(ms,-3,DATEADD(yy, DATEDIFF(yy,0,getdate())+1, 0))

上面的SQL代碼只是一個(gè)時(shí)間段
Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1)
Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)
就是表示本周時(shí)間段.
下面的SQL的條件部分,就是查詢時(shí)間段在本周范圍內(nèi)的:
Where Time BETWEEN Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1) AND Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)
而在存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程中
select @begintime = Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1)
select @endtime = Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)
最后，再補(bǔ)充一些：
分組group
　　常用于統(tǒng)計(jì)時(shí)，如分組查總數(shù)：
select gender,count(sno)
from students
group by gender
(查看男女學(xué)生各有多少)
　　注意：從哪種角度分組就從哪列"group by"
　　對(duì)于多重分組，只需將分組規(guī)則羅列。比如查詢各屆各專業(yè)的男女同學(xué)人數(shù) ，那么分組規(guī)則有：屆別(grade)、專業(yè)(mno)和性別(gender)，所以有"group by grade, mno, gender"
select grade, mno, gender, count(*)
from students
group by grade, mno, gender
　　通常group還和having聯(lián)用，比如查詢1門課以上不及格的學(xué)生，則按學(xué)號(hào)(sno)分類有：
select sno,count(*) from grades
where mark<60
group by sno
having count(*)>1
　　6.UNION聯(lián)合
　　合并查詢結(jié)果，如：
SELECT * FROM students
WHERE name like ‘張%’
UNION [ALL]
SELECT * FROM students
WHERE name like ‘李%’
　　7.多表查詢
　　a.內(nèi)連接
select g.sno,s.name,c.coursename
from grades g JOIN students s ON g.sno=s.sno
JOIN courses c ON g.cno=c.cno
(注意可以引用別名)
b.外連接
b1.左連接
select courses.cno,max(coursename),count(sno)
from courses LEFT JOIN grades ON courses.cno=grades.cno
group by courses.cno
　　左連接特點(diǎn)：顯示全部左邊表中的所有項(xiàng)目，即使其中有些項(xiàng)中的數(shù)據(jù)未填寫完全。
　　左外連接返回那些存在于左表而右表中卻沒(méi)有的行，再加上內(nèi)連接的行。
　　b2.右連接
　　與左連接類似
　　b3.全連接
select sno,name,major
from students FULL JOIN majors ON students.mno=majors.mno
　　兩邊表中的內(nèi)容全部顯示
　　c.自身連接
select c1.cno,c1.coursename,c1.pno,c2.coursename
from courses c1,courses c2 where c1.pno=c2.cno
　　采用別名解決問(wèn)題。
　　d.交叉連接
select lastname+firstname from lastname CROSS JOIN firstanme
　　相當(dāng)于做笛卡兒積